The impact of complex environmental chemical mixtures on chronic kidney disease: A mixture analysis approach in a national population.

ABSTRACT: Chronic kidney disease represents a significant global health burden. Exposure to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, particularly heavy metals and phthalate metabolites, is increasingly associated with renal dysfunction. However, previous research has primarily focused on individual chemicals, leaving a gap in understanding the health effects of real-world co-exposure to complex mixtures of these contaminants. We applied several statistical analysis methods (including multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines regression, quantile g-computation, and Bayesian kernel machine regression) to examine data from 6902 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2018. Lead (Pb) and cadmium were consistently associated wit

SUBMITTER: Liu H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12582719 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature