Association between breastfeeding and autism spectrum condition in Saudi Arabia: a case-control study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Emerging evidence suggests that early nutrition, particularly reduced breastfeeding exposure, may be associated with an increased risk of ASC. However, this evidence is limited, especially in non-Western populations.

Methods

We conducted an unmatched case-control study in Saudi Arabia to investigate the association between breastfeeding practices and ASC. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from mothers of children with and without ASC. Cases were children with a confirmed ASC diagnosis, and controls were neurotypical children without a diagnosis of ASC. Breastfeeding exposure was categorized ac

SUBMITTER: Batterjee M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12584454 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature