Kidney clearances of protein-bound uremic toxins predict outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT: This prospective cohort study investigated the kidney clearance of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs)-specifically, indole sulfate (IS), p-cresol sulfate (pCS), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-across various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages and their associations with adverse clinical outcomes. From July 2018 to December 2020, 186 non-dialysis CKD patients were enrolled and followed until June 2025. Serum and 24-hour (24 h) urine PBUT levels were measured, and kidney clearances were analyzed. The findings indicated a decrease in the 24 h kidney clearances of IS (Cis), pCS (Cpcs), and IAA (Ciaa) corresponding with a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) across the CKD stages. For instance, the clearance of indoxyl sulfate was observed to decline from 26.7 mL/min in stag

SUBMITTER: Xie D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12584829 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature