Early outcomes with a flexible ECAP based closed loop using multiplexed spinal cord stimulation waveforms-single-arm study with in-clinic randomized crossover testing.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) systems that deliver fixed amplitudes expose target tissue to varying electrical fields due to the changing lead-to-cord distance accompanying postural shifts and other body movements. Inconsistent stimulation results in periods of overstimulation or under-stimulation perceived by patients as discomfort or potentially inadequate pain relief. CL-SCS may be applied to provide a comfortable level of perception down to imperceptible stimulation, commonly preferred in higher frequency and multiplexed programming. Here we report outcomes from a study evaluating a closed-loop (CL) SCS system that uses spinal evoked compound action potentials to adjust stimulation.

Methods

This ongoing study combines the evaluation of pain-related outcomes (f

SUBMITTER: Mohabbati V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12585107 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature