Crystal Morphology and Associated Face-Specific Growth Kinetics of Tolfenamic Acid as a Function of Its Solution Crystallization Environment.

ABSTRACT: The crystal morphology and face-specific growth kinetics of tolfenamic acid (TFA) forms I and II are investigated through an integrated molecular modeling and experimental approach. Morphology predictions based on attachment energy calculations are consistent with experimental observations, with needle-like habits for both forms, although with some subtle differences in the capping faces formed, which can be attributed to the variations in intermolecular packing and surface chemistry. The solvent polarity is found to significantly influence the crystal growth of both forms: for instance, polar solvents, such as ethanol, promote higher aspect ratios by disrupting hydrogen bonding at prismatic faces, while nonpolar solvents, such as toluene, are found to hinder elongation of the crystal habi

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12593351 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature