Structural and evolutionary constraints shape adaptive landscapes of immune-related genes across mammalian phylogeny.

ABSTRACT: The evolutionary dynamics of immune-related genes GBP5, GZMB, IFNG, IRF7, KLRD1, RTP4, TNFSF4, and TRAT1 were investigated through comprehensive phylogenetic and selection analyses across mammalian species. Using concatenated gene sequences, we applied advanced methods including PAML (a software tool that analyzes evolutionary selection pressures by comparing rates of genetic changes), MEME (a method to identify patterns in protein sequences that may indicate functional sites), and structural modeling (a technique to predict 3D protein shapes) to assess co-evolution and adaptation. Site- and branch-specific selection tests revealed widespread positive selection (ω > 1), with 15-26 branches showing statistically significant adaptive evolution (p < 0.05), particularly in functional domains c

SUBMITTER: Li Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12594431 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature