Adsorptive removal of phenanthrene and naphthalene from wastewater using coal derived carbon nanoparticles with kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation.

ABSTRACT: This study presents the synthesis, comprehensive characterization, and application of coal-derived carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) for the highly efficient removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), specifically phenanthrene and naphthalene, from aqueous solutions. Subbituminous coals sourced from the Gombe and Kogi regions of Nigeria were transformed into CNPs via a single-step CO₂-assisted solid-state activation process conducted at two distinct temperatures: 550 °C and 650 °C. The synthesized materials underwent rigorous characterization using proximate/ultimate analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA-DTA), and Brunauer-Emme

SUBMITTER: Danmallam UN 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12594802 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature