Gastric Mixing and Acid Diffusion in a Human Stomach Simulated Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics.

ABSTRACT: This study develops a computational stomach model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach to investigate the effects of fluid viscosity, gastric motility, and acid diffusion rate on gastric mixing and acid distribution. The model incorporates antral contraction waves (ACW) and acid diffusion from the stomach wall. Our findings reveal that the mixing pattern generated by ACWs is strongly anisotropic. When the ACWs travel along the wall, highly effective tangential flow moves alongside and drives the circulatory flow and mixing. Conversely, the weak radial advection orthogonal to the wall provides minimal enhancement to the predominantly radial diffusion. Fluid viscosity influences the mixing dynamics within the stomach significantly, with higher viscosity fluids exhibiting

SUBMITTER: Liu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12595260 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature