Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a narrative review of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objective

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune biliary fibrosing disease characterized by inflammation and injury of the intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. The pathogenesis of PSC is poorly understood but is believed to be multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulation, and environmental influences. These may include disturbances in the gut-liver axis such as immune dysfunction in the colon and liver, alterations in the fecal and biliary microbiome, conjugation of bile acids into toxic species, and compromised intestinal epithelial integrity due to colitis, resulting in translocation of bacterial byproducts to the liver. There is a critical need for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that would enhance management

SUBMITTER: Rolfes PS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12598249 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature