Recent advancements in systemic therapy for biliary tract cancers: a literature review.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objective

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, represent a rare yet aggressive class of malignancies with limited therapeutic options and poor survival outcomes. BTCs have been traditionally managed with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC), but this standard of care has shown limited efficacy due to early recurrence, high resistance rates, and molecular heterogeneity. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest developments in systemic therapies for BTCs, emphasizing recent advances in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and rational combination regimens. Particular focus is given to molecularly guided treatment strategies and the evolving role of biomarkers in personalizing therapy.

Methods

A thorough

SUBMITTER: Hussain MM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12598354 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature