High-Throughput Tear Proteomics Reveals Multi-Faceted Signatures of Thyroid Eye Disease.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Despite its clinical significance, the pathogenic mechanisms and reliable diagnostic biomarkers for TED remain incompletely defined. Tear fluid offers a noninvasive window into disease-related molecular changes.

Methods

Tear samples were collected using Schirmer strips from 20 patients with TED, 20 patients with GD without ocular involvement, and 14 healthy controls (HCs). Proteomic profiling was performed using a novel pressure cycling technology-pulse data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (PCT-PulseDIA-MS) workflow.

Results

A total of 5966 tear proteins were quantified. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified through pairwise group com

SUBMITTER: Li R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12599518 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature