Exploring the causal relationship between gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, immune cells, and inflammation-related proteins and coronary artery calcification: A multi-omics Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an established indicator of atherosclerosis and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological intervention to reverse CAC. The gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, immune cells, and inflammation-related proteins have all been implicated in the mechanisms underlying CAC. However, the causal relationships and specific mechanisms connecting these factors remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationships among the gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, immune cells, and inflammation-related proteins with the risk of CAC using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. A bidirectional, 2-sample univariate MR analysis was conducted using data from a genome-wide association study to explore pot

SUBMITTER: Ma L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12599726 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature