Causal relationship between serum bilirubin, cholelithiasis and hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancy: A bidirectional and 2-sample Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT: Since the causal relationship between cholelithiasis and serum bilirubin levels and hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies has been inconclusive and inconsistent for a long time, to control confounding factors and reverse causality as much as possible, this paper adopted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to reveal further the causal relationship between different exposure factors and hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies. This study selected 4 exposure factors, including cholelithiasis, serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin, by double-sample and bidirectional MR method. The results were as follows: gallbladder carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PADC) were selected as the outcome, and significance level (P < 5

SUBMITTER: Luo T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12599734 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature