Defense dynamics in walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit during walnut husk fly (Rhagoletis completa Cresson) infestation: an integrative, multi-level analysis.

ABSTRACT: The walnut husk fly (WHF) is a critical pest affecting global walnut production, causing economic losses of up to 80%. WHF larvae feed within the walnut husk, creating necrotic spots, which compromise kernel quality and marketability. In this research, the metabolic response of the walnut fruit was addressed for the first time in an integrative, multi-level analysis, which included several primary and secondary metabolites, enzymes, and antioxidant activities by using LC-MS, GC-MS, and different spectrophotometric methods. Results revealed localized and tissue-specific metabolic responses, with significant changes up to 200% in volatiles and phenolics, especially naphthoquinones and sesquiterpenes, as well as enzyme activities. Additionally, prolonged infestations severely affected kernel

SUBMITTER: Grohar MC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12604324 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature