Metabolic Adaptations of Benthic Forams: Foraminiferal Species Adaptations to Intertidal Mudflat Assessed by a Metabolic Approach.

ABSTRACT: Benthic foraminifera are characterized by their rapid response and high resistance to variable and extreme conditions such as those typically found in intertidal environments. However, knowledge of cellular and metabolic adaptations by foraminifera remains incomplete. Here we explore the metabolic profile of three species from an intertidal mudflat: Haynesina germanica (kleptoplast, mixotrophic), Elphidium oceanense, and Ammonia confertitesta (heterotrophic). Given the challenges associated with culturing foraminifera, specimens were collected directly from the field. To analyze their metabolic profiles, a non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology was optimized with the aim of reducing sample size. We constructed a foraminifera-specific library containing 382 features.

SUBMITTER: Courtial J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12605782 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature