Prevalence and Correlates of Depression and Suicidal Ideation Across Stages 0-4 of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The American Heart Association (AHA) recently introduced the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome framework to improve cardiovascular health management. However, evidence on the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation (SI) across distinct CKM stages is limited.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 10,519 US adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 to 2018. Depression and SI were assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). CKM syndrome stages were classified as: Stage 0 (absence of risk factors); Stage 1 (excess/dysfunctional adiposity); Stage 2 (metabolic risk factors or moderate-to-high-risk CKD); Stage 3 (subclinical cardiovascular disease [CVD] or its risk

SUBMITTER: Yu P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12605968 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature