European Consensus Recommendations for Direct Cholangioscopy and Pancreatoscopy Using a Modified Delphi Process.

ABSTRACT:

Background and aim

Direct cholangioscopy and pancreatoscopy have become widely implemented techniques in the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of several pancreaticobiliary disorders. This study aimed to generate general and indication-specific European consensus recommendations on cholangioscopy and pancreatoscopy.

Methods

Supported by the available literature, statements were formulated and grouped into the following categories: (1) pre-procedural considerations, (2) general technical aspects, (3) biliopancreatic stones, (4) biliary strictures, and (5) other indications. The evidence level of each statement was determined using the GRADE methodology. Cholangioscopy experts were invited to participate in a modified Delphi process. When 80% consensus was not reached, the

SUBMITTER: Palmeri E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12606045 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature