Tissue Factor Expression in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Marker of HPV-Independent Disease.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: In a series of 33 patients with advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC), we evaluated tissue factor (TF), TROP2, and nectin-4 protein expression as potential therapeutic targets. Expression levels of these proteins were also correlated to clinicopathological characteristics, including high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), CDKN2A (p16) status, and aberrant p53 expression. Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed with three cores per patient tumor (99 total cores). Anti-TF antibody staining was performed by immunohistochemistry, and H-scores for membrane and cytoplasm staining were assessed (range 0-300). The percentage of cores and patient tumors staining positive for TF (≥10% of tumor cells with at least 1+ intensity in cytoplasm and/or

SUBMITTER: Jackson JC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12606763 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature