Research on Geographical Origin Traceability of <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> by Combining Two-Trace Two-Dimensional (2T2D) Correlation Spectroscopy and Improved DeiT Model.

ABSTRACT: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) is widely used in modern medicine, but the market faces challenges from counterfeit and mislabeled geographical indication products. To address this, we propose a novel framework combining Two-trace Two-dimensional (2T2D) correlation spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), transfer learning, and an enhanced deep learning model (DeiT-CBAM) to identify both authenticity and origin precisely. Hyperspectral data (873-1720 nm) were collected from six genuine and three adulterated regions and converted into synchronous 2T2D correlation spectroscopy images. We systematically evaluated five preprocessing strategies, three wavelength selection methods, three classical models, and four deep learning models. Models based on 2T2D correlation spectroscopy i

SUBMITTER: Yang J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12608159 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature