A Novel Biomass-Based Catalyst Composite Using Waste Chicken Eggshells and Avocado Seeds for Biolubricant Production: Synthesis Route, Catalytic Property Characterization, and Performance.

ABSTRACT: This study introduces the preparation and tailoring of the catalytic properties of a novel biomass-based composite to produce a sustainable biolubricant, trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester (TFATE), via the transesterification of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). This novel catalyst was prepared from avocado seed and chicken eggshell residues using a Taguchi experimental design to determine the best synthesis conditions. The variables tested in the catalyst preparation included CaO impregnation time and temperature, mass ratio of CaO/char, and activation temperature. The transesterification conditions to obtain TFATE were analyzed using the best eggshell-/char-based catalyst, and the reaction kinetics were measured at 120 and 150 °C. The results showed an endothermic reactive system wit

SUBMITTER: Foronda-Quiroz JE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12609544 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature