Beneficial Effects of Long-Lasting Bicarbonate-Sulfate-Calcium-Magnesium Water Intake on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)-Related Outcomes via Impacting Intestinal Permeability (IP), IP-Related Systemic Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: Fonte Essenziale^®, a mineral water rich in bicarbonate, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium, has shown potential in modulating the gut-liver axis and microbiota in hepatic steatosis. However, its long-term effects on intestinal permeability (IP), systemic inflammation (SI), and oxidative stress-key factors in Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-remain unexplored. Methods: Eighty-seven MASLD patients were randomized into two groups: group A received Fonte Essenziale^® (400 mL/day, fasting) plus a controlled nutritional regimen for 12 months, followed by a 6-month water washout; group B followed only the controlled nutritional regimen. IP markers, SI (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), oxidative stress (dROMs/BAP), and clin

SUBMITTER: Dallio M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12609797 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature