Air Pollutants and Breast Cancer Risk: A Parallel Analysis of Five Large US Prospective Cohorts.

ABSTRACT: Objectives. To determine whether outdoor air pollution exposure is associated with breast cancer incidence. Methods. Residential-level concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂, parts per billion [ppb]), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5; ≤ 2.5 μ/m³) and ozone (ppb) in the United States were estimated for participants of the Nurses' Health Studies, Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Study Cohort, and Sister Study using high-resolution spatiotemporal models. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and a random effects model determined summary HRs, overall and by estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) subtype and census region. Results

SUBMITTER: White AJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12614024 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature