Application of biological and green nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: techniques for the effective removal of dyes, heavy metals, and organic pollutants.

ABSTRACT:

Background/aim

Wastewater from industrial, agricultural, and residential sources poses significant environmental and public health risks due to the presence of dyes, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. Conventional treatment methods are often inadequate for the complete removal of these pollutants. Therefore, the development of sustainable, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient treatment techniques has become increasingly important. The aim of this review is to evaluate the application of biological and green nanomaterials in wastewater treatment and to compare their effectiveness against different types of pollutants (dyes, heavy metals, and organics).

Materials and methods

This review provides detailed information on the removal of various pollutants from wastew

SUBMITTER: Kazan Kaya ES 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12614365 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature