LV Diastolic Dysfunction and Inappropriate LV Filling Pressure Escalation: The Core of Exercise Intolerance in Heart Failure.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objectives

Exercise intolerance is the most common symptom of patients with heart failure (HF), regardless of the phenotypes. We aim to investigate the determinants of exercise capacity in chronic stable HF with reduced, mildly reduced, preserved, and recovered ejection fraction (EF).

Methods

Ambulatory HF subjects were recruited for a combined cardiopulmonary exercise test and exercise stress echocardiography. Impaired exercise capacity was referred to a peak oxygen consumption of <14 mL/kg/min, and a relationship between minute ventilation and carbon dioxide production of >34 was defined as ventilatory inefficiency.

Results

Among 66 participants, there were 16 HF with reduced EF, 18 HF with mildly reduced EF, 12 HF preserved EF, and 20 HF recovered EF

SUBMITTER: Huang WM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12614427 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature