Clinical efficacy and safety of tripterygium wilfordii glycosides in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, with current immunosuppressive therapies often limited by incomplete efficacy, significant toxicity, and high cost. Extracts from Tripterygium wilfordii, particularly its glycosides (TWG), have emerged as a potential alternative with immunomodulatory properties.

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of TWG in the treatment of IMN.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases from inception to September 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing TWG with standard therapies were included. Risk ratios (RR) and standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled using a random-e

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12615218 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature