Development and validation of prognostic model based on distribution and density of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: A multicenter cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The prognostic value of infiltrating lymphocytes distribution and their densities in breast cancer is unknown. This study aimed to develop a tumor immune microenvironment-based model to predict prognosis in early breast cancer patients.

Methods

Densities of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes in the core of tumor (CT) and invasive margin (IM) regions were quantified. A combined score of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ infiltrating lymphocytes in both CT and IM regions was performed to construct the prognostic immunoindex (PII) as follows, low-PII (score 0), intermediate-PII (score 1 to 2), and high-PII (score 3 to 4). The PII was developed in the training cohort and verified in the internal and external validation cohorts.

Results

A total of

SUBMITTER: Zhang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12615306 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature