Multicellular immune ecotypes within solid tumors predict real-world therapeutic benefits with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, yet predicting patient response remains a major challenge. Carcinoma ecotypes, which capture the cancer-immune interactions, show promise as prognostic biomarkers but remain untested in real-world settings. We compile and analyze the ORIEN Avatar ICI cohort of 1610 patients with matched gene expression data from a broader dataset of 14,997 individuals. Using EcoTyper-based immunophenotyping, we define ecotypes and assess their prognostic value across cancers, with a focused analysis in melanoma. Distinct cell states and ecotypes are consistently associated with survival outcomes across cancer types. We further develop a melanoma-specific ICI predictive model and validate it using data from the phase III ECOG-ACRIN E1609

SUBMITTER: Wang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12615696 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature