Intramuscular epinephrine in cardiac arrest: A systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Epinephrine administered by intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) route is the first-line medication for cardiac arrest and is associated with improved survival. Intramuscular (IM) epinephrine is currently not indicated for cardiac arrest but may be faster and easier to administer and may result in improved patient outcomes.

Aim

To evaluate the evidence for IM epinephrine compared to IV or IO epinephrine in, and animals with cardiac arrest.

Methods

This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021259729). Databases were searched for studies comparing IV, IO, and IM epinephrine administration in cardiac arrest up to June 2, 2025. Studies in children, adults, and animals with cardiac arrest were included. Studies i

SUBMITTER: Alshaikh R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12615754 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature