Crystal violet removal from aqueous solution: adsorption studies, Box-Behnken optimization, safety, and reuse in methanol oxidation.

ABSTRACT: The discharge of toxic crystal violet (CV) dye poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating sustainable treatment solutions. This study presents sulfuric acid-functionalized activated carbon derived from frankincense (SAC) as a high-performance adsorbent for CV removal. Characterization revealed a mesoporous structure with a high surface area of 842.97 m² g^-1, adorned with functional groups that facilitate CV binding. Process optimization via Box-Behnken design achieved an exceptional adsorption capacity of 638.51 mg g^-1 at pH 8, with a 0.075 g dose and 60 min contact time, following the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model. A pivotal finding from in vitro cytotoxicity assessment (HepG2 cells) was the effective detoxification

SUBMITTER: Mahgoub SM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12616475 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature