Essential Oils From Different Parts of <i>Piper nigrum</i> L.: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities.

ABSTRACT: Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a spice plant that contains bioactive compounds, including essential oils, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The study intended to determine the composition of essential oil in the pepper plant's seeds, stems, as well as leaves and whether these materials had any potential antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) was utilized to investigate the components of pepper oil, and the inhibition diameter was used to determine the antibacterial activity. The findings revealed that 19, 19, and 29 compounds were found in pepper seed, leaf and stem essential oils, respectively. The three most important contents of seed essential oil were

SUBMITTER: Nurjanah S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12618210 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature