Environmental and Financial Cost Savings With Low-Consumption Intravitreal Injection Techniques.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: To analyze the financial cost and environmental impact of supplies used during routine intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies. Methods: The authors conducted a life cycle assessment of all supplies consumed during intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, aflibercept 2 mg, aflibercept 8 mg, and faricimab at a single academic institution. Data collected included weight, material composition, and retail price of the supplies. Two models, including a process-based approach and a hybrid life cycle assessment featuring an economic input-output model, were used to estimate the environmental impact. Three procedural protocols were analyzed, with an increasing supply consumption from protocol 1 to protocol 3. Results: Excl

SUBMITTER: Hu DJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12618218 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature