Fine-Tuning Photochemical Immunogenic Cell Death by a Panel of Verteporfin-Lipid Nanoparticles: A Data-Driven Approach.

ABSTRACT: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is an immunostimulatory process that can be induced by light-activated photosensitizers, but its mechanisms remain unclear, especially with lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations. In this study, a multivariate, data-driven analysis was conducted using a panel of five verteporfin(V)-LNPs to identify the attributes that lead to the greatest photochemically-induced exposure of ICD markers in pancreatic cancer cells. These attributes include varying production of Type I (radicals) or Type II (singlet oxygen) reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 690 nm activation, localization in different organelles, variable cellular uptake efficiencies, and different phototoxicity levels. Using principal component analysis, we identified that, unexpectedly, Type I ROS is most strong

SUBMITTER: Shah N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12622458 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature