Defining and classifying adverse events following joint manipulation and mobilization: An international e-Delphi study and focus groups.

ABSTRACT: Spinal and peripheral joint manipulation (MAN) and mobilization (MOB) are widely used for managing musculoskeletal conditions. Although adverse events (AE) have been reported following these interventions, there is no universally accepted definition and classification system. This study aimed to establish an inter-professional and international standardized definition and severity classification for AE following MAN and MOB. This sequential mixed-methods study included an electronic Delphi process (e-Delphi) followed by focus groups. Inter-professional and international expert stakeholders participated in 3 e-Delphi rounds: Round 1 included open-ended questions on participants' working AE definition and severity classification; Round 2, level of agreement with statements generated from Rou

SUBMITTER: Funabashi M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12622795 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature