Toward Sustainable Lagoon Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Nutrient Management Technologies and Their Suitability for Small Communities.

ABSTRACT: Lagoon wastewater systems are popular in small communities (<10,000 people) due to their cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency. However, these systems struggle to meet regulatory discharge limits for ammonia, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, emphasizing the need for improved nutrient management. Most existing reviews focus on large-scale mechanical systems, leaving a gap for stand-alone lagoon systems in resource-limited settings. This systematic review analyzed 1003 peer-reviewed articles spanning five decades, evaluating nutrient management technologies for municipal lagoons. Technologies were categorized by nutrient target, process type, installation location, and development phase. Biological processes dominate (79%) due to their adaptability and cost-effectiveness, while advan

SUBMITTER: Ruto DS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12624740 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature