Dietary salt intake and cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and dose-response evidence.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Excessive salt intake is a known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, but the health impacts of both high and low sodium intake remain debated. This study synthesize meta-analytic evidence on dietary salt intake and cardiovascular outcomes, including subgroup and dose-response analyses.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched through August 28, 2024, for meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

Results

21 meta-analyses comprising 91 outcomes were included. Low sodium intake was associated with reduced risks of CVD mortality (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95), stroke mortality (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57-0.95), and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.93), as well as systolic blood pr

SUBMITTER: Kong F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12624901 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature