Synergistic promotion of bone regeneration through co-culture of endothelial cells with mesenchymal stem cells in endochondral ossification organoids.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Endochondral ossification (ECO) is essential for bone regeneration, involving cartilage formation, hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and ossification. Co-culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with endothelial cells (ECs) shows potential to enhance bone regeneration but has not been effectively applied to ECO strategy.

Methods

We examined the synergistic effects of MSCs and ECs on chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis, followed by transcriptomic analysis. ECO organoids were formed in the scaffolds, and a critical-sized calvarial bone defect model was used for in vivo evaluation.

Results

Co-culture of ECs and MSCs promoted osteogenic differentiation and hypertrophic chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. The ECO organoids exhibited enhanced vascularization

SUBMITTER: Su Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12625428 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature