Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cesarean Birth Trends in the United States.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Inequity by race and ethnicity persists in obstetric practice. A comprehensive comparison of the rates of cesarean birth by race and ethnicity in the United States is essential to target quality improvement efforts.

Objective

To evaluate the trends in national cesarean birth rates stratified by race and ethnicity as well as parity from 2012 to 2021 and to describe any racial and ethnic disparities.

Design, setting, and participants

This was a retrospective observational cohort study of birth data from the National Vital Statistics System. Inclusion criteria were singleton, nonanomalous, full-term gestation (37 weeks and 0 days to 42 weeks and 0 days) births with vertex presentation. Trends in the proportions of cesarean births from 2012 to 2021 among nullip

SUBMITTER: Boller MJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12625682 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature