Prenatal greenness exposure and the decreased risk of low birthweight and small for gestational age: modification and mediation effects of air pollution.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Despite accumulating evidence linking greenness with the decreased risk of low birthweight (LBW), the potential modification and mediation effects of ambient air pollution remain unstudied.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide birth cohort analysis using nearly 3.9 million registry-based mother-infant records across 31 provinces in Iran during 2013-2018. Greenness exposure during pregnancy was assessed utilizing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within multiple buffers (500-3000 m). Logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations of maternal greenness exposure with LBW and small for gestational age (SGA). Modification effects of PM_2.5 and O₃ levels were checked via comparing greenness-related risks in stratified an

SUBMITTER: Zhan D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12625729 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature