Artificial intelligence-based evaluation of prognostic benefits from immunotherapy plus targeted therapy with or without radiotherapy or TACE in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and the prognosis of advanced disease is still poor. Immunotherapy plus targeted therapy has reshaped systemic treatment; however, the overall efficacy is limited. Increasing evidence suggests that combining systemic therapy with locoregional modalities such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radiotherapy (RT) may improve survival. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential to refine prognostic prediction and optimize patient selection.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 351 patients with unresectable HCC, classified into three groups: immunotherapy plus targeted therapy (P+T, n = 89), P+T combined with TACE (n = 154), and P+T combined with

SUBMITTER: Deng Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12626802 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature