TMB as a predictive biomarker for ICI response in TNBC: current evidence and future directions for augmented anti-tumor responses.

ABSTRACT: The cardinal features of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are that it is aggressive and does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, presenting significant therapeutic challenges. Recent advances have identified immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents, as promising treatments for TNBC. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been implicated as a promising approach for predicting ICI responses. This review examines the current evidence in favor of TMB as a biomarker, its relationship with ICI efficacy, and future directions in TNBC therapy. We explore the mechanisms linking high TMB to enhanced neoantigen presentation, which leads to improved immune responses and better patient outcomes with ICIs. Addit

SUBMITTER: Das R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12628467 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature