Knockdown resistance (kdr) and organochlorine insecticide resistance in malaria vectors: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles dirus, and Anopheles punctipennis are key malaria vectors across multiple regions. Insecticide resistance especially to organochlorines poses a major challenge to vector control. While knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations are a well-known resistance mechanism, evidence in these species remains inconclusive. This study systematically reviewed the presence of kdr mutations associated with organochlorine resistance in these four Anopheles species.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Six international databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched up to June 2024. Keywords included "kdr mutation," "organochlorine r

SUBMITTER: Abbasi E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12628609 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature