Consistent response of European summers to the latitudinal temperature gradient over the Holocene.

ABSTRACT: The drivers behind the current decadal trend toward longer and more extreme European summers are widely discussed. This is attributed to changes in the mid-latitude summer atmospheric circulation in response to Arctic Amplification and weakening of the latitudinal temperature gradients (LTGs), as well as to reduced aerosol emissions over Europe since the 1980s. However, causal links remain uncertain, limiting confidence in future projections. To gain statistical insights, evidence over periods longer than the instrumental record is necessary. Using seasonally resolved lake sediments, we reconstruct the evolution of the European summer-to-annual ratio over the last ten millennia. Our results indicate that summer weather dominated during the mid-Holocene, with an average of 195 summer days p

SUBMITTER: Martin-Puertas C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12630748 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature