Sustainable Valorization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate into Green Diesel Using Ni-Co Catalysts Supported on Zeolite from Kaolin Waste under Solvent- and Hydrogen-Free Conditions.

ABSTRACT: The use of low-cost, nonedible feedstocks has proven to be a promising route for catalytic deoxygenation reactions aimed at producing diesel-like hydrocarbons. In this study, palm fatty acid distillate, a byproduct of crude palm oil refining, was converted into green diesel via thermal and catalytic deoxygenation using zeolite-supported Ni, Co, and NiCo catalysts (10 wt % metal, synthesized from kaolin residue). The reactions were carried out at 250-350 °C for 30 min without solvent or hydrogen. The process was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis, and kinetic parameters were estimated via the Coats-Redfern method. Both the thermal and catalytic routes yielded 60-65% organic liquid products, with 77-83% hydrocarbons in the C₈-C₁₇ range. The catalytic route resul

SUBMITTER: de Oliveira BFH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12631470 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature