Environment-by-Environment Interactions Differ Across Genetic Backgrounds.

ABSTRACT: Environmental conditions shape phenotype and fitness, influencing which mutations rise in frequency, the maintenance of genetic diversity, and evolutionary outcomes. When the combined impact of two environments deviates from expectations based on their individual effects, this is known as an environment-by-environment interaction. While the terms "gene-by-gene interaction" and "gene-by-environment interaction" are widely recognized, "environment-by-environment interaction" is a term used less often. In this study, we find that environment-by-environment interactions are a meaningful driver of phenotypes, and moreover, that they differ across genotypes (suggestive of environment-by-environment-by-genotype interactions). To support this conclusion, we analyzed a large dataset of approximatel

SUBMITTER: Schmidlin K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12631786 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature