Low-Carbohydrate Diets of Varying Macronutrient Quality and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Three U.S. Prospective Cohort Studies.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To prospectively examine associations between five low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs), differentiated by macronutrient quality, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.

Research design and methods

This cohort study included 199,006 U.S. adults from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1984-2018), NHSII (1991-2019), and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018); free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline; and followed over 30 years. Diet was assessed every 2-4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires since baseline. Five LCD scores were derived based on intakes of protein, fat, and carbohydrates from contrasting food sources. The primary outcome was incident T2D.

Results

During 4,987,761 person-years of follow-up, 20,452 T2D cases were documen

SUBMITTER: Liu B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12635889 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature