Sex differences in thyroid aging and their implications in thyroid disorders: insights from gene regulatory networks.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Most, if not all, thyroid disorders are more prevalent in females than males. However, sex differences in thyroid disease risk varies with age, e.g. although the risk of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, increases with age for both sexes, age of diagnosis for most thyroid cancers is lower for females than males. In contrast, the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune condition, is higher in ages 30-50 than older age groups, and females have a higher risk than males at any given age. These age- and sex-dependent variations suggest that thyroid aging is a sex-biased process, where gene regulatory patterns evolve with age differentially between sexes. Yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.<

SUBMITTER: Saha E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12636590 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature