Double-sided annealing to reverse the crystallization direction for efficient and stable flexible FACs-perovskite solar modules.

ABSTRACT: The application of methylammonium cations makes flexible perovskite solar modules (f-PSMs) unstable in long term. Here, we report flexible p-i-n structure perovskite modules made of methylammonium-free formamidinium cesium lead iodide (FA_1-xCs_xPbI₃, x ≤ 0.1) to improve their stability. Interfacial voids between FA_1-xCs_xPbI₃ layer and hole-transport layers, caused by the limited annealing temperature for f-PSMs, severely disrupt the film structural continuity. A double-sided annealing strategy is used to address this challenge, which markedly reduces the voids at the buried interface and yields homogeneous perovskite films with enlarged grains. The double-

SUBMITTER: Zou Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12637302 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature