Unveiling the Anticancer Potential and Molecular Mechanisms of Fangchinoline Against Cholangiocarcinoma Using FTIR Microspectroscopy, In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

The limited effectiveness of traditional chemotherapeutic agents against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) highlights the need for novel compounds. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of fangchinoline (FCL) and its underlying mechanisms of action in CCA cells.

Methods

Biomolecular changes associated with FCL-induced cell death were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The apoptosis-inducing effects of FCL were investigated using annexin V/7-amino-actinomycin staining, caspase-9 activity, JC-1 transmembrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Western blotting of total cell lysates was used to assess protein expression, normalized to β-actin. The Proteome Profiler™ Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit was used to assess chang

SUBMITTER: Pocasap P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12638666 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature