Phosphoproteomic profiling of lipopolysaccharide stimulated toll-like receptor pathways in macrophages.

ABSTRACT: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are present on the surface of immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. TLRs and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are essential for the recognition of microbiological components. They trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against pathogenic microorganisms. Among the TLRs, TLR4 is one of the best-studied; it recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and initiates both TRIF- and MyD88-dependent signaling cascades. Regulators of TLR4 signaling, including numerous protein kinases, have a key role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Although TLR4 signaling pathways have been investigated using phosphoproteomics by mass spectrometry using data-dependent acquisition (DDA), the phosphoprotein landscape of

SUBMITTER: Kim D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12638788 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature