Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is associated with increased mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a systemic disorder characterized by pathophysiological interactions among metabolic risk factors. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CKM syndrome and investigate the association between CKM stages and mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods

We extracted data on patients with MASLD from NHANES III and the Chinese Kailuan cohort, enrolling a total of 2159 and 22,865 patients, respectively. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver ultrasound. Participants were categorized into three groups according to CKM stages: 1, 2, and 3-4. Mortality was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model with or without inverse probability of treatment weighting (I

SUBMITTER: Chen Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12638873 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature